Atrioventricular valvular insufficiency (AVVI)

Overview

AVVI is a degenerative disease that damages heart valve leaflets as it progresses. This damage prevents heart valves from closing properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the atrium. This leakage eventually results in a heart murmur detectable via auscultation. Valve leakage impairs cardiac function and circulation, ultimately leading to congestive heart failure (CHF).

AVVI in action

Progression of AVVI

AVVI, the most frequent cause of CHF in dogs, is a slowly progressing disease.^1,2 The prevalence of this disease gradually increases with age. AVVI affects³:

• 10% of dogs 5 to 8 years of age
• 20% to 25% of dogs 9 to 12 years of age
• 30% to 35% of dogs over age 13 years

This increase is especially dramatic in small breeds, with up to 85% showing evidence of valvular lesions at necropsy by 13 years of age.⁴

Breeds at risk for AVVI

AVVI occurs most often in small- to medium-sized breeds of dogs.¹ Breeds most susceptible to AVVI include the Boston Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature and Toy Poodle, Pekingese, and Pomeranian.⁵ Ultimately, all small breed dogs are at risk for CHF due to AVVI.